How can public open spaces contribute to physical activity promotion? / Como os espaços públicos abertos podem contribuir para a promoção da atividade física?

Public open spaces (POSs) are means to ensure one's right to recreation and health. The objective of this essay is to present reflections and evidence on how these spaces contribute to promoting physi-cal activity (PA). Understanding how to access (proximity/distance), quantity and diversity, and the surrounding and internal conditions of places (quality, structure, aesthetics, safety) can affect the use of POSs is imperative for public management actions. Thinking of POS use beyond PA by recog-nizing its social, economic, and cultural benefits can be fundamental to reduce inequalities regarding access to these places. POS-related actions and demands are intersectoral, multiprofessional, and interdisciplinary, thus requiring political, academic, and community involvement and commitment for PA promotion

Espaços públicos abertos (EPA) são equipamentos que promovem o direito à recreação e à saúde. O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar reflexões e evidências sobre como esses espaços contribuem para a promoção da atividade física (AF). Compreender como o acesso (proximidade/distância), a quantidade e diversidade, as condições do entorno e internas dos locais (qualidade, estrutura, estética, segurança), podem afetar o uso dos EPA é fundamental para ações da gestão pública. Pensar o uso do EPA para além da prática de AF, reconhecendo seus benefícios sociais, econômicos e culturais pode ser fundamental para diminuir as iniquidades de acesso a esses locais. Ações e demandas relacionadas aos EPA são intersetoriais, multiprofissionais e interdisciplinares, necessitando com isso envolvimento e comprometimento político, acadêmico e comunitário, a fim de promover AF

Physical activity counseling in Primary Health Care. / Aconselhamento para atividade física realizado por profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and examine the correlates of physical activity counseling by primary health care professionals in Florianopolis, state of Santa Catarina. A face-face survey was carried out with 587 professionals from 49 Health Centers. Physical activity counseling was evaluated in the last 12 months. The correlates explored in the association were sociodemographic, training and professional performance, knowledge of physical activity recommendations and physical activity level. The prevalence of physical activity counseling was 86.2% (95%CI=83.2-88.8%). The professionals most likely to provide counseling were those with graduate degrees in Public Health (OR=3.71; 95%CI: 1.69-9.37), who had academic experiences in primary health care (OR=2.68; 95%CI: 1.32-5.92), who belonged to the Family Health Support Center (OR=4.52; 95%CI: 1.31-28.50), who participated in meetings of physical activity (OR=1.91; 95%CI: 1.08-3.44) and were physically active (OR=1.80; 95%CI: 1.01-3.27). The results show that aspects of training and professional performance and the physical activity level of professionals contribute positively to counseling for physical activity in primary health care.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência e analisar os fatores associados ao aconselhamento para a atividade física realizado por profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Foi realizado inquérito com 587 profissionais de 49 centros de saúde. A realização de aconselhamento nos últimos 12 meses foi avaliada. Os fatores explorados na associação foram os sociodemográficos, de formação e atuação profissional, do conhecimento das recomendações de atividade física e do nível de atividade física. A proporção de profissionais que relataram aconselhar para atividade física foi 86,2% (IC95%: 83,2-88,8%). Os profissionais com maiores chances de aconselhar foram os com pós-graduação em Saúde Pública (OR: 3,71; IC95%: 1,69-9,37), que tiveram experiências acadêmicas na APS (OR: 2,68; IC95%:1,32-5,92), que pertenciam ao Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (OR: 4,52; IC95%: 1,31-28,50), que participavam de reuniões de matriciamento sobre atividade física (OR: 1,91; IC95%: 1,08-3,44) e eram fisicamente ativos (OR: 1,80; IC95%: 1,01-3,27). Os resultados sugerem que aspectos da formação e atuação profissional e o nível de atividade física dos profissionais contribuem positivamente nas ações de aconselhamento para atividade física na APS.

Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate interventions in relation to Health Promotion principles. / Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento para avaliar intervenções em relação aos princípios da Promoção da Saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate of an instrument to evaluate interventions in relation to Health Promotion principles in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of the development and validation of an instrument was carried out, based on the assessment of the first version by 20 health workers, the final version by 19, analysis of reliability by 31, and content evaluation of the first version by ten experts and of the final version by 12 experts. The content validity index, Cronbach's alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: The indicators achieved 89.9% adequacy, 82.5% clarity, internal consistency was α = 0.80, and the test-retest correlation was 0.93. CONCLUSION: The instrument showed acceptable validity and reliability and can be used for the evaluation of Health Promotion interventions.

Counseling strategies for physical activity used by the expanded nucleus of family health in Florianópolis / Estratégias de aconselhamento para atividade física utilizadas pelo núcleo ampliado de saúde da família em Florianópolis

ABSTRACT Counseling strategies, such as the 5A model, can provide important changes in physical activity. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of physical activity counseling strategies used by professionals of the Expanded Nucleus of Family Health and Primary Health Care (ENFH-PHC) of Florianópolis according to the 5As model. A survey was conducted with ENFH-PHC professionals. The collection took place in the planning meetings of the Health Centers. There were 72 professionals, 40 employees and 32 residents. Most of the professionals reported some physical activity counseling in the last 12 months (97.2%). Among the professionals who reported some type of counseling, the most reported counseling strategies focus on "As" ask (94.1%), advise (98.5%) and assist (95.7%). The least reported strategy was arranging (25.7%). The most used resource was to indicate the participation in groups of physical activity of the Health Center. It is concluded that ENFH-PHC professionals perform physical activity counseling and use some strategies according to the 5A model, although they are not used in a systematic way. Therefore, it is recommended to invest in lifelong education in the use of tools for evaluation (assess) and in the improvement of strategies to follow up (effectiveness) to improve the practice of counseling.

RESUMO Estratégias de aconselhamento, como o modelo 5As, podem oportunizar importantes mudanças na atividade física. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência das estratégias de aconselhamento para atividade física utilizadas pelos profissionais do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) de Florianópolis de acordo com o modelo 5As. Foi realizado inquérito com profissionais do NASF-AB. A coleta ocorreu nas reuniões de planejamento dos Centros de Saúde. Participaram 72 profissionais, sendo 40 servidores e 32 residentes. A maioria dos profissionais reportaram realizar algum aconselhamento para atividade física nos últimos 12 meses (97,2%). Entre os profissionais que referiram realizar algum tipo de aconselhamento, as estratégias de aconselhamento mais reportadas concentram-se nos "As" ask (94,1%), advise (98,5%) e assist (95,7%). A estratégia menos reportada foi arrange (25,7%). O recurso mais utilizado foi indicar a participação em grupos de atividade física do Centro de saúde. Conclui-se que os profissionais NASF-AB realizam aconselhamento para atividade física e utilizam algumas estratégias conforme o modelo 5As, embora não sejam usadas de modo sistematizado. Portanto, recomenda-se o investimento em Educação Permanente no uso de ferramentas para avaliação (assess) e no aperfeiçoamento de estratégias de acompanhamento (arrange) da efetividade, para assim aprimorar a prática do aconselhamento.

Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento para avaliar intervenções em relação aos princípios da Promoção da Saúde / Desarrollo y validación de un instrumento para evaluar intervenciones con relación a los principios de la Promoción de la Salud / Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate interventions in relation to Health Promotion principles

Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar um instrumento destinado a avaliar a proximidade de intervenções que buscam promover saúde, em relação aos princípios da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal de desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento, a partir de consulta a 20 trabalhadores, na análise da primeira versão, 19 na versão final, e mais 31 trabalhadores na análise da fidedignidade e da avaliação de conteúdo, realizada por dez especialistas na versão inicial e 12 na versão final. Foram utilizados o índice de validade de conteúdo, o alpha de Cronbach (α) e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Resultados: A adequação dos indicadores foi de 89,8%; a clareza de 82,5%; a consistência interna de α=0,80, e a correlação teste-reteste, de 0,93. Conclusão:O instrumento apresentou validade e fidedignidade aceitáveis, podendo ser utilizado na avaliação de intervenções que tenham o objetivo de promover a saúde.

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la proximidad de intervenciones que buscan promover la salud con los principios de la Política Nacional de Promoción de la Salud de Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó estudio transversal del desarrollo y validación de un instrumento, a partir del análisis de 20 trabajadores en el análisis de la primera versión, 19 en la versión final, 31 para el análisis de confiabilidad y la evaluación de contenido por 10 especialistas en la versión inicial y 12 en la versión final. En el análisis se utilizaron el índice de validez de contenido, el alfa de Cronbach (α) y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Resultados: La adecuación de los indicadores fue del 89,8%, la claridad del 82,5%, la consistencia interna de α=0,80 y la correlación test-retest 0,93. Conclusión: El instrumento mostró validez y confiabilidad aceptables y se puede utilizar para evaluar intervenciones que buscan promover la salud.

Objective: To develop and validate of an instrument to evaluate interventions in relation to Health Promotion principles in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study of the development and validation of an instrument was carried out, based on the assessment of the first version by 20 health workers, the final version by 19, analysis of reliability by 31, and content evaluation of the first version by ten experts and of the final version by 12 experts. The content validity index, Cronbach's alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. Results: The indicators achieved 89.9% adequacy, 82.5% clarity, internal consistency was α=0,80, and the test-retest correlation was 0.93. Conclusion: The instrument showed acceptable validity and reliability and can be used for the evaluation of Health Promotion interventions.

Is the availability of open public spaces associated with leisure-time physical activity in Brazilian adults?

This study aims to analyse the association between perceived presence of public spaces near residences and practice of physical activity during leisure time by adults in the state capitals of Brazil, based on sociodemographic characteristics. Participants were individuals aged ≥18 years living in the 27 state capitals of Brazil (n = 52 929, 53.9% female) who responded to a national survey called VIGITEL in 2013. Physical activity during leisure time (≥1 time/week), perception of space, population and sociodemographic variables (sex, age, years of study and geographic region) were self-reported. The adjusted binary logistic regression analysis was used. Among adults, the prevalence of physical activity during leisure was 45.1% (95% CI [44.2; 46.0]), and 71.1% (95% CI [70.2, 71.8]) perceived public space near their residence. A direct association between perceiving public space and physical activity ([OR] = 1.43; 95% CI [1.32; 1.55]) was observed. No significant difference was observed in the population groups (men and women, younger and older adults, and those with more and fewer years of study). Thus, even with the possible regional differences in Brazilian state capitals, the presence of public spaces increases the practice of physical activity during leisure time, independent of sociodemographic variables.

Public open spaces and physical activity: disparities of resources in Florianópolis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics of census tracts and the presence/quality of public open spaces and physical activity facilities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 643 census tracts in Florianópolis, Brazil, the presence and quality of public open spaces and physical activity facilities were objectively analyzed and the data by census tracts using Geographic Information Systems was treated. Outcomes were analyzed considering the census tracts as having: ≥ 1 public open spaces; ≥ 1 public open spaces with high quality; ≥ 2 physical activity facilities and high-quality physical activity facilities. Sociodemographic characteristics were the independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Census tracts with a medium-income (OR = 1.8; 95%CI 1.1-3.0) and high-income (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.4-4.0), in those with medium (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0-2.7) and high residential density (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1,2-3.3), and with higher proportions of older adults (OR = 3.3; 95%CI 1.9-5.7) had a higher proportion of public open spaces. Census tracts with higher proportions of children/adolescents (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.2-0.6) and non-white residents (OR= 0.6; 95%CI 0.3-0.9) were less likely to contain public open spaces. The tracts with medium (OR = 4.0; 95%CI 1.4-11.3) and high-income (OR = 3.6; 95%CI 1.2-10.2) were more likely to contain public open spaces with ≥ 2 structures for physical activity, compared with those with low-income. We observed the inverse in sectors with a high proportion of non-white residents (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Census tracts with higher proportions of children or adolescents, non-white individuals and those in the low-income strata had lower odds of containing public open spaces and physical activity facilities.

Apontamentos para a atuação do Profissional de Educação Física na Atenção Básica à Saúde: um ensaio / Notes to the work of the Physical Education Professional in Basic Health Care: an essay

O objetivo deste ensaio foi apresentar uma proposta de síntese para a atuação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) no contexto da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) do Brasil. São apresentadas 15 itens, elaborados a partir de experiências vivenciadas no campo de atuação pelos autores, bem como na literatura. Posteriormente, a clareza e pertinência dos itens foram avaliadas por 33 PEF de nove diferentes municípios brasileiros que atuavam ou tinham atuado anteriormente na ABS. Apesar de os itens apresentados não terem o objetivo de competir ou substituir as diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde ou das secretarias estaduais ou municipais, espera-se que possam ser úteis para os PEF que atuam na ABS, bem como para a formação dos PEF que pretendem atuar neste contexto

The objective of this essay was to present a proposal of the synthesis of the work of the Physical Education Professional (PEF) in Primary Health Care (PHC) in a brazilian context. We present the 15 items, elaborated from experiences lived in the field of actuation by the authors, as well as in the literature. Subsequently, the clarity and pertinence of the items were evaluated by 33 PEFs from nine different Brazilian municipalities that were currently working or who had previously worked in PHC. The items presented are not intended to compete or replace the guidelines of the Ministry of Health or the state or municipal secretariats. In fact, we hope that they may be useful for the PEF working in PHC, as well as for the professional qualification of the PEF who intend to work in this context

Evidence-based decision making and promotion of physical activity among directors of local health departments.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the steps involved in evidence-based decision making for the implementation of programs aimed at the promotion of physical activity. METHODS: It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quali-quantitative approach, held with municipal health secretaries chosen deliberately by regional health representatives of the state of Paraná. A total of 27 secretaries participated in a telephone interview consisting of 17 open questions. Content analysis was conducted according to the categories of an evidence-based decision-making model consisting of seven steps. RESULTS: None of the participants employed every step of the evidence-based decision-making model. The steps that were most often mentioned included: evaluation of the program (33.3%), use of evidence from the literature (22.2%) and identification of the problem (22.2%). The steps that were reported the least included: quantification of the problem (14.8%), development and prioritization of actions (14.8%), development of the plan of action (14.8%) and evaluation of the community (3.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of evidence-based decision making in the context of the promotion of physical activity was shown to be incipient among the health secretaries of the state of Paraná. We suggest widening dissemination and training on the use of evidence-based decision making among municipal administrators to increase the effectiveness of actions for promotion of physical activity.

Perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics and different types of physical activity among Brazilian adolescents.

Little is known about the association between environmental characteristics and types of physical activity in adolescents in a Latin American context. The aim of this study was to examine the association between perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics and different types of physical activity in 2,874 adolescents from Joao Pessoa, Paraiba State, Northeastern Brazil. The types of activity measured by questionnaire (≥10 min/day) included sports, physical exercises, active commuting and recreational activities. Neighborhood characteristics were measured by a 15-item scale. Multilevel analyses showed that adolescents who reported "having places they liked to go to" (OR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.10-1.79) and "places with opportunities to practice" (OR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.01-1.65) were more likely to play sports. "Seeing interesting things while walking" (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.01-1.53) and "Seeing other adolescents engaged in physical activity" (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1,05-2,06) were associated with exercises. "Seeing other adolescents engaged in physical activity" (OR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.18-1.82), "the neighborhood is not violent" (OR = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.04-1.60) and "having places they like to go to" (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.13-2.25) were positively associated and "places with opportunities to practice" (OR = 0.79; 95%CI: 0.63-0.98) inversely related to active commuting. "Seeing other adolescents engaged in physical activities" (OR = 1.31; 95%CI: 1.05-1.63) and "seeing interesting things while walking" (OR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.02-1.56) were associated with recreational activities. Neighborhood environmental characteristics associated with the physical activity vary with the type of practices adopted by adolescents.

Evidence-based decision making and promotion of physical activity among directors of local health departments / Tomada de decisão baseada em evidências e promoção da atividade física entre secretários municipais de saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the steps involved in evidence-based decision making for the implementation of programs aimed at the promotion of physical activity. METHODS It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quali-quantitative approach, held with municipal health secretaries chosen deliberately by regional health representatives of the state of Paraná. A total of 27 secretaries participated in a telephone interview consisting of 17 open questions. Content analysis was conducted according to the categories of an evidence-based decision-making model consisting of seven steps. RESULTS None of the participants employed every step of the evidence-based decision-making model. The steps that were most often mentioned included: evaluation of the program (33.3%), use of evidence from the literature (22.2%) and identification of the problem (22.2%). The steps that were reported the least included: quantification of the problem (14.8%), development and prioritization of actions (14.8%), development of the plan of action (14.8%) and evaluation of the community (3.7%). CONCLUSIONS The use of evidence-based decision making in the context of the promotion of physical activity was shown to be incipient among the health secretaries of the state of Paraná. We suggest widening dissemination and training on the use of evidence-based decision making among municipal administrators to increase the effectiveness of actions for promotion of physical activity.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever o emprego das etapas da tomada de decisões baseada em evidências para implementação de programas de promoção da atividade física. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado com secretários municipais de saúde escolhidos intencionalmente por representantes das regionais de saúde do estado do Paraná. Ao todo, 27 secretários participaram de uma entrevista telefônica composta por 17 questões abertas. A análise de conteúdo foi conduzida segundo as categorias de um modelo de tomada de decisões baseada em evidências composto de sete etapas . RESULTADOS Nenhum dos participantes empregou todas as etapas do modelo de tomada de decisões baseada em evidências. As etapas mais mencionadas foram: avaliação do programa (33,3%), uso de evidências da literatura (22,2%) e identificação do problema (22,2%). As etapas menos reportadas foram: quantificação do problema (14,8%), desenvolvimento e priorização de ações (14,8%), desenvolvimento do plano de ação (14,8%) e avaliação da comunidade (3,7%). CONCLUSÕES O emprego da tomada de decisões baseada em evidências no contexto da promoção da atividade física apresentou-se incipiente entre os secretários de saúde do estado do Paraná. Sugere-se ampliar a disseminação e o treinamento para o uso de tomada de decisões baseada em evidências entre os gestores municipais a fim de ampliar a efetividade das ações de promoção da atividade física.

Validation of psychosocial scales for physical activity in university students.

OBJECTIVE Translate the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire, adapt it cross-culturally and identify the psychometric properties of the psychosocial scales for physical activity in young university students. METHODS The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire is made up of 39 items divided into constructs based on the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. The analyzed constructs were, as follows: behavior change strategy (15 items), decision-making process (10), self-efficacy (6), support from family (4), and support from friends (4). The validation procedures were conceptual, semantic, operational, and functional equivalences, in addition to the equivalence of the items and of measurements. The conceptual, of items and semantic equivalences were performed by a specialized committee. During measurement equivalence, the instrument was applied to 717 university students. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the loading of each item, explained variance and internal consistency of the constructs. Reproducibility was measured by means of intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The two translations were equivalent and back-translation was similar to the original version, with few adaptations. The layout, presentation order of the constructs and items from the original version were kept in the same form as the original instrument. The sample size was adequate and was evaluated by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, with values between 0.72 and 0.91. The correlation matrix of the items presented r < 0.8 (p < 0.05). The factor loadings of the items from all the constructs were satisfactory (> 0.40), varying between 0.43 and 0.80, which explained between 45.4% and 59.0% of the variance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α ≥ 0.70), with support from friends being 0.70 and 0.92 for self-efficacy. Most items (74.3%) presented values above 0.70 for the reproducibility test. CONCLUSIONS The validation process steps were considered satisfactory and adequate for applying to the population.

[Validity and reliability of a scale to assess self-efficacy for physical activity in elderly]. / Validade e fidedignidade de uma escala para avaliar autoeficácia para a atividade física do idoso.

This study aimed to analyze the confirmatory factor validity and reliability of a self-efficacy scale for physical activity in a sample of 118 elderly (78% women) from 60 to 90 years of age. Mplus 6.1 was used to evaluate the confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was tested by internal consistency and temporal stability. The original scale consisted of five items with dichotomous answers (yes/no), independently for walking and moderate and vigorous physical activity. The analysis excluded the item related to confidence in performing physical activities when on vacation. Two constructs were identified, called "self-efficacy for walking" and "self-efficacy for moderate and vigorous physical activity", with a factor load ≥ 0.50. Internal consistency was adequate both for walking (> 0.70) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (> 0.80), and temporal stability was adequate for all the items. In conclusion, the self-efficacy scale for physical activity showed adequate validity, reliability, and internal consistency for evaluating this construct in elderly Brazilians.

Validade e fidedignidade de uma escala para avaliar autoeficácia para a atividade física do idoso / Validity and reliability of a scale to assess self-efficacy for physical activity in elderly / Validez y la confianza en la escala para evaluar la autoeficacia de la actividad física de ancianos

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a validade fatorial confirmatória e a fidedignidade de uma escala de medida da autoeficácia para atividade física em idosos. Participaram 118 idosos (78% mulheres), com idade entre 60 a 90 anos. Para avaliar a análise fatorial confirmatória utilizou-se o programa Mplus 6.1. A fidedignidade foi testada pela consistência interna e estabilidade temporal. A escala original foi composta por cinco itens com resposta dicotômica (não/sim), de maneira independente para caminhada e atividade física moderada e vigorosa. O item relacionado à confiança em realizar atividade física quando o mesmo está de férias foi excluído. Foram identificados dois construtos denominados "autoeficácia para caminhada" e "autoeficácia para atividade física moderada e vigorosa", com carga fatorial ≥ 0,50. Houve adequados valores de consistência interna, tanto para caminhada (> 0,70) quanto para atividade física moderada e vigorosa (> 0,80) e de estabilidade temporal para todos os itens. Conclui-se que a escala de autoeficácia para atividade física apresenta validade, consistência interna e fidedignidade adequada para avaliar esse construto em idosos brasileiros.

This study aimed to analyze the confirmatory factor validity and reliability of a self-efficacy scale for physical activity in a sample of 118 elderly (78% women) from 60 to 90 years of age. Mplus 6.1 was used to evaluate the confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was tested by internal consistency and temporal stability. The original scale consisted of five items with dichotomous answers (yes/no), independently for walking and moderate and vigorous physical activity. The analysis excluded the item related to confidence in performing physical activities when on vacation. Two constructs were identified, called "self-efficacy for walking" and "self-efficacy for moderate and vigorous physical activity", with a factor load ≥ 0.50. Internal consistency was adequate both for walking (> 0.70) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (> 0.80), and temporal stability was adequate for all the items. In conclusion, the self-efficacy scale for physical activity showed adequate validity, reliability, and internal consistency for evaluating this construct in elderly Brazilians.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la validez del análisis factorial confirmatorio y la confianza en la escala de medida de autoeficacia en la actividad física de ancianos. Participaron 118 ancianos (78% mujeres), cuya edad fue de 60 a 90 años. Para evaluar el análisis factorial confirmatorio se utilizó el programa Mplus 6.1. La confianza fue comprobada por la consistencia interna y la estabilidad temporal. La escala original estaba compuesta por cinco ítems con respuesta dicotómica (no/sí), de manera independiente para la actividad física moderada y vigorosa. El ítem relacionado con la confianza para realizar la actividad física cuando el sujeto está de vacaciones fue excluido. Fueron identificados dos constructos denominados "autoeficacia para caminata" y "autoeficacia para actividad física moderada y vigorosa", con carga factorial ≥ 0,50. Hubo adecuados valores de consistencia interna, tanto para la caminata (> 0,70), como para la actividad física moderada y vigorosa (> 0,80), y de estabilidad temporal para todos los ítems. Se concluye que la escala de autoeficacia para actividad física presenta validez, consistencia interna y confianza adecuada para evaluar ese constructo en ancianos brasileños.

Validation of psychosocial scales for physical activity in university students / Validação de escalas psicossociais para atividade física em jovens universitários

OBJECTIVE Translate the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire, adapt it cross-culturally and identify the psychometric properties of the psychosocial scales for physical activity in young university students.METHODS The Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire is made up of 39 items divided into constructs based on the social cognitive theory and the transtheoretical model. The analyzed constructs were, as follows: behavior change strategy (15 items), decision-making process (10), self-efficacy (6), support from family (4), and support from friends (4). The validation procedures were conceptual, semantic, operational, and functional equivalences, in addition to the equivalence of the items and of measurements. The conceptual, of items and semantic equivalences were performed by a specialized committee. During measurement equivalence, the instrument was applied to 717 university students. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the loading of each item, explained variance and internal consistency of the constructs. Reproducibility was measured by means of intraclass correlation coefficient.RESULTS The two translations were equivalent and back-translation was similar to the original version, with few adaptations. The layout, presentation order of the constructs and items from the original version were kept in the same form as the original instrument. The sample size was adequate and was evaluated by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, with values between 0.72 and 0.91. The correlation matrix of the items presented r < 0.8 (p < 0.05). The factor loadings of the items from all the constructs were satisfactory (> 0.40), varying between 0.43 and 0.80, which explained between 45.4% and 59.0% of the variance. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α ≥ 0.70), with support from friends being 0.70 and 0.92 for self-efficacy. Most items (74.3%) presented values above 0.70 for the reproducibility test.CONCLUSIONS The validation process steps were considered satisfactory and adequate for applying to the population.

OBJETIVO Traduzir o questionário Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise, realizar sua adaptação transcultural e identificar as propriedades psicométricas das escalas psicossociais para atividade física em jovens universitários.MÉTODOS O questionário Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise é composto por 39 itens divididos em construtos baseados na teoria cognitiva social e no modelo transteorético. Os construtos analisados foram: estratégia de mudança de comportamento (15 itens), processo de tomada de decisão (10), autoeficácia (seis), apoio da família (quatro) e dos amigos (quatro). Os procedimentos de validação foram de equivalências conceitual, de itens, semântica, operacional, de mensuração e funcional. As três primeiras equivalências citadas foram realizadas por comitê especializado. Na equivalência de mensuração, o instrumento foi aplicado em 717 estudantes universitários. Foi utilizada análise fatorial exploratória para verificar a carga de cada item, variância explicada e consistência interna dos construtos. A reprodutibilidade foi mensurada por meio de correlação intraclasse.RESULTADOS As duas traduções se mostraram equivalentes, a retrotradução foi semelhante à versão original, sendo realizadas poucas adaptações. Foram mantidos o mesmo layout, ordem de apresentação dos construtos e dos itens que compunham o instrumento original. O tamanho da amostra foi adequado e avaliado pelo teste de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, com valores entre 0,72 e 0,91. A matriz de correlação dos itens apresentou r < 0,8 (p < 0,05). As cargas fatoriais dos itens de todos os construtos foram satisfatórias (> 0,40), com variação entre 0,43 e 0,80, explicando entre 45,4% a 59,0% da variância. A consistência interna foi satisfatória (α ≥ 0,70), sendo 0,70 para apoio dos amigos e 0,92 para autoeficácia. A maioria dos itens (74,3%) apresentou valores acima de 0,70 para o teste de reprodutibilidade.CONCLUSÕES As etapas do processo de validação foram satisfatórias e consideradas adequadas para aplicação na população.

Personal and behavioral factors associated with bicycling in adults from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil.

Bicycling is an important form of physical activity that can promote health benefits. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between personal and behavioral aspects in transportation bicycling and leisure time bicycling in adults. Data was drawn from a household survey involving 677 adults (53.1% female) in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. The prevalence of bicycling was 11.2% for transportation and 16.7% for leisure. The frequency of leisure time bicycling was higher among men (PR = 2.08; p < 0.001), young people < 30 and adults aged between 30 and 39.9, bicycle owners (PR = 8.76; p < 0.001) and among the physically active. Transportation bicycling occurred more frequently among men (PR = 3.63; p < 0.001), individuals aged 30 to 39.9, those with a low socioeconomic status (PR = 5.00; p = 0.006), bicycle owners (PR = 10.2; p < 0.001) and individuals with a negative perception of their quality of life. The prevalence of bicycling is low in Curitiba considering its potential as a means of physical activity. Personal and behavioral factors were associated with each form of bicycling.

Personal and behavioral factors associated with bicycling in adults from Curitiba, Parana State, Brazil / Fatores individuais e comportamentais associados ao uso de bicicleta em adultos de Curitiba, Parana, Brasil / Factores individuales y comportamentales asociados con el uso de la bicicleta en adulto de Curitiba, Parana, Brasil

Bicycling is an important form of physical activity that can promote health benefits. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between personal and behavioral aspects in transportation bicycling and leisure time bicycling in adults. Data was drawn from a household survey involving 677 adults (53.1% female) in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. The prevalence of bicycling was 11.2% for transportation and 16.7% for leisure. The frequency of leisure time bicycling was higher among men (PR = 2.08; p < 0.001), young people < 30 and adults aged between 30 and 39.9, bicycle owners (PR = 8.76; p < 0.001) and among the physically active. Transportation bicycling occurred more frequently among men (PR = 3.63; p < 0.001), individuals aged 30 to 39.9, those with a low socioeconomic status (PR = 5.00; p = 0.006), bicycle owners (PR = 10.2; p < 0.001) and individuals with a negative perception of their quality of life. The prevalence of bicycling is low in Curitiba considering its potential as a means of physical activity. Personal and behavioral factors were associated with each form of bicycling.

Ciclismo é uma importante forma de atividade física, que pode promover benefícios para a saúde. O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre os aspectos pessoais e comportamentais no uso de bicicleta no transporte e no lazer em adultos. Pesquisa domiciliar envolvendo 677 adultos em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. A prevalência do uso de bicicleta foi de 11,2% para o transporte e 16,7% para o lazer. A frequência de uso de bicicleta no lazer foi maior entre os homens (RP = 2,08; p < 0,001), os jovens < 30 anos e adultos com idade entre 30 e 39,9, entre os proprietários de bicicleta (RP = 8,76, p < 0,001) e entre os fisicamente ativos. O uso de bicicleta no transporte foi maior entre os homens (RP = 3,63; p < 0,001), na idade entre 30 a 39,9, baixo nível socioeconômico, com os proprietários de bicicletas e com aqueles com percepção negativa da sua qualidade de vida. A prevalência de bicicleta é baixa em Curitiba considerando o seu potencial como um meio de atividade física. Fatores pessoais e comportamentais foram associados a cada forma de andar de bicicleta.

El ciclismo es una forma importante de actividad física, que puede promover beneficios para la salud. El objetivo fue examinar la asociación entre los aspectos personales y de comportamiento en el uso de la bicicleta en el transporte y tiempo libre en adultos. Encuesta de hogares que implica 677 adultos en Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. La prevalencia de uso de bicicleta fue de un 11,2% para el transporte y 16,7% para el ocio. La frecuencia de uso de bicicleta en el tiempo libre fue mayor entre los hombres (PR = 2,08; p < 0,001), individuos con un promedio de edad de 39,9 años, entre los propietarios de bicicletas (PR = 8,76; p < 0,001) y entre los físicamente activos. El uso de la bicicleta en el transporte fue más frecuente entre los hombres (PR = 3,63; p < 0,001), con edades entre 30 y 39,9, nivel socioeconómico bajo, con los propietarios de bicicletas (PR = 10,2; p < 0,001) y los que tienen una percepción negativa de calidad de vida. La prevalencia de la bicicleta es baja en Curitiba, teniendo en cuenta su potencial como un medio de actividad física. Los factores personales y conductuales se asocian con cada forma de ciclismo.

[Self-efficacy and physical activity in adolescents in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil]. / Autoeficácia e atividade física em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.

This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and self-efficacy in adolescents. A school-based survey was conducted with 1,698 adolescents from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated as weekly frequency (days per week) of moderate or vigorous physical activity. Self-efficacy was analyzed as the sum of a 10-item scale. The association between self-efficacy and physical activity was tested by Poisson regression (p < 0.05), stratified by gender. Among boys, only high self-efficacy was associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001), while for girls moderate and high levels of self-efficacy were associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-efficacy showed a positive association with physical activity in adolescents, although the relationship was more consistent in girls. The finding is important for designing interventions to promote physical activity in this age group.

Autoeficácia e atividade física em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil / Self-efficacy and physical activity in adolescents in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil / La autoeficacia y la actividad física en adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a associação entre atividade física e autoeficácia em adolescentes. Realizou-se um estudo inquérito de base escolar com 1.698 adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. A atividade física foi avaliada segundo frequência semanal (dias/semana) de prática de atividade física de intensidade moderada ou vigorosa. A autoeficácia foi analisada segundo a soma de uma escala composta por dez itens. A associação entre autoeficácia e atividade física foi testada pela regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Entre os meninos, apenas elevada autoeficácia foi associada com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001), enquanto para as meninas níveis moderados e elevados de autoeficácia foram associados com todas as categorias de atividade física (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a autoeficácia tem associação positiva com atividade física entre adolescentes, no entanto esta relação é mais consistente entre as meninas. Este é um aspecto importante para o delineamento de intervenções para a promoção de atividade física nesse grupo populacional.

This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and self-efficacy in adolescents. A school-based survey was conducted with 1,698 adolescents from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated as weekly frequency (days per week) of moderate or vigorous physical activity. Self-efficacy was analyzed as the sum of a 10-item scale. The association between self-efficacy and physical activity was tested by Poisson regression (p < 0.05), stratified by gender. Among boys, only high self-efficacy was associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001), while for girls moderate and high levels of self-efficacy were associated with all categories of physical activity (p < 0.001). In conclusion, self-efficacy showed a positive association with physical activity in adolescents, although the relationship was more consistent in girls. The finding is important for designing interventions to promote physical activity in this age group.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la actividad física y la autoeficacia en adolescentes. Se realizó una investigación de base escolar, mediante una encuesta a 1.698 estudiantes adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. La actividad física se evaluó de acuerdo con la frecuencia semanal (días/semana) de práctica de actividad física con una intensidad moderada o elevada. La autoeficacia fue analizada conforme a la suma de puntos de una escala de 10 ítems. La asociación entre la autoeficacia y actividad física se probó mediante la regresión de Poisson (p < 0,05), estratificada por sexo. Para los adolescentes solamente una actividad física elevada presentó una asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001), mientras que para las adolescentes unos niveles moderados y elevados de autoeficacia presentaron asociación con todas las categorías de actividad física (p < 0,001). Se concluye que la autoeficacia presenta una asociación positiva con la actividad física entre los adolescentes, sin embargo, esta relación es más consistente entre las adolescentes. Este es un aspecto importante para el diseño de intervenciones en salud, con el fin de promover la actividad física en este grupo de población.

Neighborhood safety and physical inactivity in adults from Curitiba, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Neighborhood safety is one of the environmental aspects that can influence physical activity. We analyzed the association between perceived neighborhood safety and physical inactivity (PI) in adults and examined effect modification according to sociodemographic variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,261 adults (62% women), age 18-69 years from Curitiba, Brazil. RESULTS: The perception of unsafe neighborhood was higher among women, older participants, those classified in the high socioeconomic (SES) group, overweighed and also among those reporting to have PA equipments and children. The association between perception safety of walking during the day and walking for leisure (women PR=1.12 CI95%=1.02-1.22; men PR=0.82 CI95%=0.64-1.05; interaction term PR=1.38 CI95%=1.03-1.83) and safe perception was associated with PI, just in the highest SES group (PR=1.09; CI95%=1.00-1.19; p trend=0.032) when compared with their counterparts (low SES PR=0.99; CI95%=0.90-1.04; p trend=0.785; interaction term PR=1.09; CI95%=1.03-1.15; p trend=0.007). CONCLUSION: The perception of safety in the neighborhood was associated with PI in transport, but this association varies across of sociodemographic variables.